MCB FAILURE DETECTION
AND PROTECTION
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, the usage of miniature circuit breaker (MCB) in
India is widely used in many fields such as in homes, restaurants, industries
(small scale to big scale).MCB failure leads in damaging the consumer or
industrial appliances in case of a short circuit or overload. This system
automatically overrides the MCB to trip.There are many hazards caused due
to the MCB fault that happen internally or externally. This paper focusses
on reducing that hazard by the usage of the microcontroller Arduino .MCB
failure detection and protection system uses a ACS712 Current sensor to
detect the current surge. When the MCB fails to trip over while the short
circuit or overload the system automatically overrides the MCB to trip.
Here we use arduino Microcontroller to do all the required functions.
Keywords
Arduino Nano,MCB Fault,Protection,ACS712 sensor
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Particulars
No.Vision and mission of the Institution and Department
POs, PSOs of the Department
Mapping of project with POs and PSOs Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Circuit Diagram
4 Project Methodology
1.1 Existing Method
1.2 Proposed Method
5 Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, the usage of miniature circuit breaker (MCB) in
India is widely used in many fields such as in homes, restaurants, industries (small
scale to big scale).MCB failure leads in damaging the consumer or industrial
appliances in case of a short circuit or overload.
This system automatically overrides the MCB to trip.There are many
hazards caused due to the MCB fault that happen internally or externally. This
paper focusses on reducing that hazard by the usage of the microcontroller
Arduino .MCB failure detection and protection system uses a ACS712 Current
sensor to detect the current surge. When the MCB fails to trip over while the short
circuit or overload the system automatically overrides the MCB to trip. Here we
more:
use arduino Microcontroller to do all the required functions.
LITERATURE REVIEW
This system uses a ACS712 current sensor to detect the
MCB Failure. When the MCB Failure is detected by the sensor, it sends an
analog value to the microcontroller Arduino nano. The microcontroller Arduino
nano sends the output to the LCD and displays the status of the MCB .It is
Indicated to the User by some Alarm.
TOOLS USED
ARDUINO NANO
ACS712 CURRENT SENSOR
BUZZER
RELAY
LCD DISPLAY
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
CURRENT SENSOR
MICROCONTROLLER
TURN OFF MCB
DISPLAY
BUZZER
FEEDBACK
MICROCONTROLLER (ATMEGA328P)
ARDUINO NANO
The Arduino nano is an open-source microcontroller
board based on the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller. The board has 14
digital I/O pins (six capable of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is
programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment), via
a type B USB cable. It can be powered by the USB cable or by an external 9-volt
battery. The ATmega328 provides UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which
is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX).
ACS712 CURRENT SENSOR
This ACS721 current module is based on ACS712 sensor,
which can accurately detect AC or DC current. The maximum AC or DC that can
be detected can reach 20A, and the present current signal can be read via analog
I / O port of Arduino.
Features
Supply Voltage: 4.5V~5.5V DC
Measure Current Range: -20A~ 20A
Sensitivity: 100mV/A
RELAY
A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set
of input terminals for a single or multiple control signals, and a set of operating
contact terminals. The switch may have any number of contacts in multiple
contact forms, such as make contacts, break contacts, or combinations
thereof.Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by an
independent low-power signal, or where several circuits must be controlled by
one signal.
LCD DISPLAY
This is an LCD Display designed for E-blocks. It is a
16 character, 2-line alphanumeric LCD display
connected to a single 9-way D-type connector. This allows the device to be
connected to most E-Block I/O ports.
Specifications
Operating Voltage: 4.7V to 5.3V.
Can display (16×2) 32 Alphanumeric Characters.
Custom Characters Support.
Works in both 8-bit and 4-bit Mode
BUZZER
Buzzer is a device which uses sound to indicate the user.It
is controlled by the microcontroller Arduino nano.When the digital
pin is HIGH to the Buzzer .The Buzzer is activated and it creates the
sound and Indicates the user.
SPECIFICATIONS
The frequency range is 3,300Hz.
Operating Temperature ranges from – 20° C to +60°C.
Operating voltage ranges from 3V to 24V DC.
The sound pressure level is 85dBA or 10cm.
The supply current is below 15mA.
CONCLUSION
In this paper we have explained a simple MCB failure detection,
protection and alerting system. It would provide protection from the hazards of
MCB failure and in damaging the consumer or industrial appliances in case of a
short circuit or overload.
REFERENCES
[1] Flurscheim, Charles H., ed. (1982). “Chapter 1”. Power Circuit Breaker
Theory and Design (Second ed.). IET. ISBN 0-906048-70-2.
[2] Weedy, B. M. (1972). Electric Power Systems (Second ed.). London: John
Wiley and Sons. pp. 428–430. ISBN 0-471-92445-8.
[3] “What is an MCB and how does it work?”. Fusebox Shop. 16 Septem
[5] Bill Atkinson; Roger Lovegrove; Gary Gundry (26 November
2012). Electrical Installation Designs. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-
1-118-47776-2.
[6] Andreas P. Friedrich, Helmuth Lemme The Universal Current
More :Google
Sensor Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine. Sensorsmag.com (2000-
05-01).
[7] Zangwill, Andrew (2013). Modern Electrodynamics. Cambridge University
Press. ISBN 978-0-521-89697-9.
[8] “Overcurrent Protection”. Science Direct. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
[9] Ken Oldham Smith; John M. Madden (15 April 2008). Electrical Safety and
the Law. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 186–. ISBN 978-0-470-77746-6.
[10] Weineng Wang, zhiqiang Wang, Xiao Peng, Effects of the Earth Current
Frequency and Distortion on Residual Current Devices, Scientific Journal of
Control Engineering, Dec 2013, Vol. 3, Issue 6, p. 417–422.
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